A highly centralized organization is one where decision-making authority and power are concentrated at the top levels of the organization, typically with a small group of executives or a single leader making most of the important decisions. In a highly centralized organization, lower-level employees may have little autonomy or decision-making power, and their actions and behaviors are closely monitored and controlled.
In contrast, a highly decentralized organization is one where decision-making authority and power are distributed widely throughout the organization. Lower-level employees are often given greater autonomy and decision-making power, and are trusted to make important decisions within their areas of expertise. This can result in a more flexible and responsive organization, but may also lead to some fragmentation or inconsistency in decision-making across different parts of the organization.
The choice between a highly centralized and highly decentralized organization will depend on a variety of factors, including the organization's size, complexity, and goals, as well as the preferences and values of its leaders and employees