Cryptocurrency is a type of digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography to secure and verify transactions and to control the creation of new units. Cryptocurrencies operate independently of central banks and are decentralized, meaning they are not controlled by any single entity.
The most well-known cryptocurrency is Bitcoin, but there are now thousands of different cryptocurrencies available, each with its own unique features and uses.
The underlying technology that enables cryptocurrencies to function is called blockchain. A blockchain is a decentralized, public ledger of all cryptocurrency transactions that have ever been made. Each block in the chain contains a list of transactions and a unique digital signature, which ensures the integrity and authenticity of the transactions.
When a user wants to make a transaction with a cryptocurrency, they send the transaction information to the network of computers that operate the cryptocurrency's blockchain. These computers then use complex algorithms to verify the transaction and add it to the blockchain. This process is known as mining, and the individuals or companies that provide the computing power for this process are known as miners.
As the blockchain grows, it becomes more difficult to mine new blocks, and the amount of computing power required to do so increases. This helps to limit the supply of the cryptocurrency and maintain its value.
Cryptocurrencies can be bought and sold on cryptocurrency exchanges, and their value is determined by market demand and supply. Because they are decentralized and not tied to any particular government or financial institution, they can be used for a wide variety of purposes, including peer-to-peer payments, online purchases, and even as a store of value like traditional currencies. However, the value of cryptocurrencies can be highly volatile, and investors should carefully consider the risks before investing in them