Well, when it comes to how much time a pipe can take to freeze and burst, A number of variables such as temperature,insulation and the particulars of the plumbing system affects how long freezing and breaking can happen. in general, prolonged exposure to temperature below freezing point (32OF or 0oC) increases the likelihood that pipes will freeze and rupture.
Let's take a look at the following general considerations:
1. Temperature: The lower the temperature, the faster pipes are likely to freeze and rupture.However, wind chills and other factors can affect it too.
2.Insulation- When a pipe is not well insulated, there is a high chance of freezing and breaking because because there will be so much transfer of heat from the water inside the pipe to the surrounding air. This means that a well insulated pipe, is less likely to freeze and break.
3.Building structure: Where a pipe is located within the building, can influence the time it takes for them to freeze and break. Example,pipes that are located in unheated or poorly insulated areas such as crawl spaces,exterior walls or attics are more vulnerable .
4.Duration of cold Temperatures: If the temperature remains below freezing point for an extended time, it poses more risk.
5.Wind Exposure: Wind can significantly skyrocket the freezing process because it can make the air temperature to feel colder, even if the air temperature is not extremely
low.
It is crucial to note that there is no specific time-frame for a pipe to freeze or burst generally because so many factors are involve.
Hope this helps.