What is quorom sensing, and how does it function in bacterial communication and coordination? Provide an example of a a bacterial behaviour regulated by quorum sensing.
Quorum sensing is a mechanism through which bacteria communicate and coordinate their activities in response to population density. Bacteria release signaling molecules (autoinducers) into their environment, and when the concentration of these molecules reaches a certain threshold, it triggers specific gene expression and behaviours.
An example of quorum sensing is found in bioluminescent bacteria, like Vibrio fischeri. When these bacteria reach a critical population density, their quorum sensing system activates the genes responsible for producing bioluminescence. This coordinated glowing behaviour aids these bacteria in various ecological roles, including symbiotic relationships with marine organisms.