The conflict between Israel and Hamas is a long-standing and complex issue with roots in historical, political, and territorial disputes. It's important to note that this is a highly sensitive and evolving situation. As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, I can provide some key background information: 1. Historical Context: The Israel-Palestine conflict has deep historical roots, with both Israelis and Palestinians claiming the same land as their homeland. It dates back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. 2. Territorial Disputes: One of the central issues is the ownership and control of territory, including the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. Israel and the Palestinian Authority (and, by extension, Hamas in Gaza) have competing claims over these areas. 3. Political Disputes: Hamas, an Islamist militant group, controls the Gaza Strip, while the Palestinian Authority, led by Fatah, governs parts of the West Bank. The rivalry between these factions has complicated efforts to achieve Palestinian unity. 4. Security Concerns: Israel has expressed concerns about its security and has maintained a military presence in certain areas, citing the need to defend against rocket attacks and terrorist threats. 5. U.S. and International Involvement: The conflict has seen various attempts at negotiation and peace processes, often with international involvement, including from the United States. However, these efforts have often faced significant challenges. 6. Escalation: Periodic outbreaks of violence, such as rocket attacks from Gaza into Israel and Israeli military responses, have led to multiple conflicts, including the one in May 2021. Please note that the situation may have evolved since my last update, and I recommend consulting recent news sources for the most current information on the Israel-Hamas conflict. It's a deeply rooted and multifaceted issue, and finding a lasting resolution is a complex challenge.