Each type of hybrid powertrain has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of efficiency, performance, and cost. The choice of powertrain depends on the vehicle's intended use and the priorities of the manufacturer and consumer.
• Series Hybrid: • In a series hybrid, the internal combustion engine (ICE) is not directly connected to the wheels.
• Internal combustion engines act as generators, producing electricity to charge batteries and drive electric motors.
• Electric motors connected to the wheels provide propulsion to the vehicle.
• This configuration allows fully electric driving at low speeds, with the internal combustion engine activated at higher speeds or when additional power is required.
• Parallel Hybrid:
• In a parallel hybrid, both the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the electric motor are mechanically connected to the vehicle's transmission.
• Vehicles can be powered by an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, or a combination of both.
・The electric motor assists the engine during acceleration, allowing independent operation even at low speeds, improving fuel efficiency.
• Plug-in hybrids (PHEVs):
• Plug-in hybrids combine an internal combustion engine with a large battery pack that can be charged by connecting to an external power source.
• PHEVs can travel a certain distance in all-electric mode before the internal combustion engine starts, or switch to hybrid mode for longer journeys.
• Plug-in hybrids offer the flexibility of using electricity for short distances and internal combustion engines for long distances.
Each hybrid configuration aims to optimize fuel efficiency and reduce emissions by using electrical energy in low demand scenarios. The specific implementation and balance of power and combustion power will vary by manufacturer and model.