The animal with the largest brain-to-body size ratio is the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Their brains are large relative to their body size. Some of their remarkable cognitive abilities include:
1. Complex Communication: Dolphins are known for their advanced communication skills, using a combination of vocalizations, body language, and even a rudimentary form of sign language among captive individuals.
2. Problem-Solving: Dolphins exhibit problem-solving abilities and can learn to complete complex tasks. They have been observed using tools, such as sponges, to protect their snouts while foraging on the seafloor.
3. Self-Recognition: Some experiments suggest that dolphins are capable of self-recognition, a sign of self-awareness.
4. Memory: Dolphins have impressive long-term memory and can remember individuals and locations over extended periods.
5. Social Intelligence: They have complex social structures and are known to cooperate and coordinate their actions in groups, displaying a high level of social intelligence.
6. Tool Use: In addition to sponges, dolphins have been observed using other objects, like marine plants, for various purposes.
7. Problem-Solving: Dolphins can solve novel problems, such as opening latches or finding hidden objects, which demonstrates their cognitive flexibility.
It's important to note that our understanding of dolphin cognition is continually evolving, and their intelligence is a subject of ongoing research and fascination.