The common name for sodium chloride is indeed "table salt." It is called so because it is the primary salt used for seasoning and preserving food. Sodium chloride is a white crystalline solid composed of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) ions in a 1:1 ratio. It is essential for various biological functions and is a fundamental component of our diet. Sodium chloride is widely used in cooking, baking, and food preservation to enhance flavor, preserve food, and provide essential electrolytes. Additionally, it has applications in various industries, including chemical manufacturing, water treatment, and medical settings.